CHILDREN WITH BETTER BREAKFAST HABIT AND FAMILY SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS TENDED TO HAVE BETTER ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
Keywords:
academic achievement, breakfast habit, family socioeconomic status, nutritional status, school-aged children
Abstract
Skipping breakfast affects learning performance at school. This study aimed to analyze
correlation between breakfast habits, family socioeconomic status and academic achievement
among elementary school children. This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to
May 2016 on 150 fifth graders. Subjects’ characteristics, family socioeconomic status and
breakfast habits were collected by filling out questionnaire, academic achievement was
estimated by average score of midterm test. Subjects with good academic achievement had
better socioeconomic status than those with poor academic achievement. Most of the subjects
had breakfast 5-7 times/week and it was usually done before 7 AM. Breakfast was usually
served and consumed at home. Staple food and animal-based side dish were usually consumed
for breakfast. Breakfast’s energy and protein contributions were significantly higher (p<0.05)
among subjects with higher academic achievement than those with lower academic
achievement. Subjects with better breakfast habits and socioeconomic status tended to have
better school achievement.
References
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childhood obesity. Journal of Human Resources. 45(3): 640-654.
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nutrient intakes and vitamin and mineral status of french children, adolescents and adults. J
Am Coll Nut. 1999;18:171-178 .
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correlates of children’s breakfast habits and weight status in eight European countries. The
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Youth) project. Public Health Nutr. 2014;18(5):774-783. doi:10.1017/S1368980014001219.
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achievement of Lambani school children.Int J Recent Sci Res. 2015;6(3): 3235-3238.
21. Utter J, Scragg R, Mhurchu CN, Schaaf D. At-home breakfast consumption among New
Zealand children: associations with body mass index and related nutrition behaviors. J Am
Diet Assoc. 2007;107(4):570-576. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2007.01.010
22. Edefonti V, Rosato V, Parpinel M, et al. The effect of breakfast composition and energy
contribution on cognitive and academic performance: a systematic review. Am J ClinNutr.
2014;100(2):626–656.
23. Pustika M. Relation of energy and protein intakes from breakfast to academic achievement
among students in Sumber Surakarta III State Elementary School [in Indonesian].
Undergraduate thesis. Surakarta, ID: Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta; 2015.
24. Boschloo A, Ouwehand C, Dekker C, Lee N, Groot Rd, Krabbendam L, Jolles J. The Relation
Between Breakfast Skipping and School Performance in Adolescents. International Mind,
Brain, and Education. 2012;6 (2): 81-88
25. Kawafha MM. Impact of skipping breakfast on various educational and overall academic
achievements of primary school children in Northern of Jordan.Aust J Basic Appl Sci.
2013;7(7):155-160
26. Majekodunmi TO, Wale OJ. The relationship between breakfast and performance in junior
secondary schools in Ogun State.Sci J Sociol Anthropol. 2013. doi: 10.7237/sjsa/264
27. Habibullah S, Ashraf J. Factors affecting academic performance of primary school children.
Pak J Med Res. 2013;52(2):47-52.
28. Garg M, Rajesh V, Kumar P. Effect of breakfast skipping on nutritional status and school
performance of 10-16 years old children of Udupi District. Health PopulPerspect Issues.
2014;37(3 & 4):98-117.
29. Basch CE. Breakfast and the achievement gap among urban minority youth. J Sch Health.
2011;81(10):635-640
care? Food Nutr Bull. 2010;31(3):400-417.
2. Mahoney CR, Taylor HA, Kanarek RB, Samuel P. Effect of breakfast composition on cognitive
processes in elementary school children. Physiol Behav. 2005;85(5):635-645. doi:
10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.06.023.
3. Soedibyo S, Gunawan H. Breakfast habits among elementary school-aged children at the
General Policlinic of the Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine University of
Indonesia-CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital [in Indonesian]. Sari Pediatri. 2009;11(1):65-70.
4. Hardinsyah, Perdana F. Analysis of type, quantity, and nutritional quality of Indonesian child
breakfast [in Indonesian]. J Gizi Pangan. 2013;8(1):39-46.
5. Kleinman RE, Hall S, Green H, et al. Diet, breakfast, and academic performance in children.
Ann NutrMetab. 2002;Suppl 1:24-30.
6. Martin A, Normand S, Sothier M, Peyrat J, Louche-Pelissier C, Laville M. Is advice for
breakfast consumption justified? Results from a short-term dietary and metabolic
experiment in young healthy men. Br J Nutr. 2000;84(3):337–344.
7. Millimet DL, Tchernis R, Husain M. 2010. School nutrition programs and the incidence of
childhood obesity. Journal of Human Resources. 45(3): 640-654.
8. Berkey CS, Rockett HRH, Gillman MW, Field AE, Colditz GA. Longitudinal study of skipping
breakfast and weight change in adolescents. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord.
2003;27(10):1258-1266. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802402.
9. Jumarni M, Hakim AL, Kadri A. Association of nutritional status and breakfast habits with
academic achievement among elementary students of SDN 1 Pasangkayu Kecamatan
Pasangkayu Kabupaten Mamuju Utara [in Indoensian]. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat.
2012;2(1):56-64.
10. Kustiyah L, Syarief H, Hardinsyah, Rimbawan, Suradijono SH. Effect of snack food
intervention on elevated blood glucose levels and memory in elementary school children [in
Indonesian]. Media Gizi dan Keluarga. 2005;30(1):42-57.
11. Preziosi P, Galan P, Deheeger M, Yacoub N, Drewnowski A, Hercberg S. Breakfast type, daily
nutrient intakes and vitamin and mineral status of french children, adolescents and adults. J
Am Coll Nut. 1999;18:171-178 .
12. Manios Y, Moschonis G, Androutsos O, et al. Family sociodemographic characteristics as
correlates of children’s breakfast habits and weight status in eight European countries. The
ENERGI (EuropeaN Energy balance Research to prevent excessive weight Gain among
Youth) project. Public Health Nutr. 2014;18(5):774-783. doi:10.1017/S1368980014001219.
13. MacFarlane A, Crawford D, Ball K, Savige G, Worsley A. Adolescent home food environments
and socioeconomic position. Asia Pac J ClinNutr. 2007;16:748–756.
14. Birch L, Savage JS, Ventura A. Influences on the development of children's eating
behaviours: from infancy to adolescence. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2009;68(1):s1-s56.
15. Petrauskiene A, Zaltauske V, Albaviciute E. Family socioeconomic status and nutrition habits
of 7–8 year old children: cross-sectional Lithuanian COSI study.Ital J pediatr. 2015;41:34.
doi: 10.1186/s13052-015-0139-1
16. Adiana, Erwin PP, Karmini NL. Effects of income, number of family members, and education
on dietary patterns of poor households in Gianyar Sub-district [in Indonesian].
Undergraduate thesis. Bali, ID: Udayana University; 2012.
17. Baxter SD, Guinn CH, Tebbs J, Royer JA. There is no relationship between academic
achievement and body mass index among fourth-grade, predominantly African-American
children. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013;113(4): 551-557. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.01.004.
18. Slameto. Learning and Factors Affecting It [in Indonesian]. Jakarta, ID: PT RinekaCipta; 2003.
19. Sarma MSG, Sivananthawerl T. The effects of nutritional status on educational performance
of primary school children in the plantation sector in NuwaraEliya educational zone. Trop
Agric Res. 2013;24(3): 203-214.
20. Naik SR, Itagi SK, Patil M. Relationship between nutritional status and academic
achievement of Lambani school children.Int J Recent Sci Res. 2015;6(3): 3235-3238.
21. Utter J, Scragg R, Mhurchu CN, Schaaf D. At-home breakfast consumption among New
Zealand children: associations with body mass index and related nutrition behaviors. J Am
Diet Assoc. 2007;107(4):570-576. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2007.01.010
22. Edefonti V, Rosato V, Parpinel M, et al. The effect of breakfast composition and energy
contribution on cognitive and academic performance: a systematic review. Am J ClinNutr.
2014;100(2):626–656.
23. Pustika M. Relation of energy and protein intakes from breakfast to academic achievement
among students in Sumber Surakarta III State Elementary School [in Indonesian].
Undergraduate thesis. Surakarta, ID: Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta; 2015.
24. Boschloo A, Ouwehand C, Dekker C, Lee N, Groot Rd, Krabbendam L, Jolles J. The Relation
Between Breakfast Skipping and School Performance in Adolescents. International Mind,
Brain, and Education. 2012;6 (2): 81-88
25. Kawafha MM. Impact of skipping breakfast on various educational and overall academic
achievements of primary school children in Northern of Jordan.Aust J Basic Appl Sci.
2013;7(7):155-160
26. Majekodunmi TO, Wale OJ. The relationship between breakfast and performance in junior
secondary schools in Ogun State.Sci J Sociol Anthropol. 2013. doi: 10.7237/sjsa/264
27. Habibullah S, Ashraf J. Factors affecting academic performance of primary school children.
Pak J Med Res. 2013;52(2):47-52.
28. Garg M, Rajesh V, Kumar P. Effect of breakfast skipping on nutritional status and school
performance of 10-16 years old children of Udupi District. Health PopulPerspect Issues.
2014;37(3 & 4):98-117.
29. Basch CE. Breakfast and the achievement gap among urban minority youth. J Sch Health.
2011;81(10):635-640
Published
2018-12-31
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